Patient characteristics
| Control group | Medication management group | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n) | 208 | 206 | |
| Median age (Q25/Q75) (years) | 64 (48/71) | 63 (51/72) | 0.375 |
| Females (n (%)) | 112 (54) | 128 (62) | 0.088 |
| Median weight (Q25/Q75) (kg) | 76 (67/87) | 75 (68/88) | 0.997 |
| Median hospital stay in total (Q25/Q75) (days) | 7 (5/11) | 7 (5/14) | 0.579 |
| Patients undergoing surgery (n (%)), of which | 122 (59) | 134 (65) | 0.181 |
| Spine surgery (n (%)) | 33 (16) | 46 (22) | 0.094 |
| Endoprosthetic surgery (n (%)) | 26 (13) | 19 (9) | 0.284 |
| Foot surgery (n (%)) | 21 (10) | 12 (6) | 0.109 |
| Knee surgery (n (%)) | 15 (7) | 26 (13) | 0.065 |
| Shoulder surgery (n (%)) | 13 (6) | 19 (9) | 0.257 |
| Hand surgery (n (%)) | 7 (3) | 5 (2) | 0.596 |
| Other surgery (n (%)) | 7 (3) | 7 (3) | 1.000 |
| Median hospital stay after surgery (Q25/Q75) (days) | 8 (4/13) | 7 (4/14) | 0.807 |
| Patients undergoing conservative orthopaedic treatment (n (%)) | 41 (20) | 35 (17) | 0.475 |
| Patients undergoing specific orthopaedic pain treatment including minimally invasive techniques (n (%)) | 45 (22) | 37 (18) | 0.348 |
| Patients with acute pain service (n (%)) | 20 (10) | 25 (12) | 0.410 |
| Patients with consultative examination by pain therapists (n (%)) | 15 (7) | 13 (6) | 0.715 |
| Patients with Cl<60 mL/min (n (%)) | 23 (11) | 25 (12) | 0.732 |