Table 7

Patients in randomised controlled studies

Formulations	Titration duration (median)	N Initial	Withdrawal titration phase	Randomised	Withdrawal study phase	Evaluable efficacy	Mean dose	Reference
OTFC Nasal spray	▸ 8 weeks ▸ 5 weeks	196	57	139	53	86	No data	59
FPNS Nasal spray	▸ 8 weeks ▸ 5 weeks	62		62	12	50	Pectin: 328 µg Nasal: 165 µg	60
SLF Placebo	2 weeks	131	53	66	6	60	600 µg	61
SLF Placebo	3 weeks	42	5	37	5	32	No data	62
SLF IRMS oral	7 days	40	0	40	0	40	235 µg	63
SLF-E Placebo	2 weeks	91	13	78	5	73		64
OTFC IRMS oral	5 days	134	41	93	9	75	811 µg 31 mg	65
OTFC Mor IV	None	40	NA	40	15	25	No data	66
OTFC Placebo	2 weeks	130	37	92	20	72	No data	67
Buccal Placebo	No data	123	46	77	9	77	No data	68
Buccal Placebo	7 days	125	38	87	12	75		69
Buccal Placebo	21 days	103	26	73	2	73		70
Buccal film Placebo	7 days	151	69	82	2	80		71
Nasal spray Placebo	No data	120	7	113	3	110		72
FPNS IRMS oral	14 days	110	26	84	5	79		73
FPNS IRMS oral	No data	53		53	8	45	Pectin: 182 µg Mor: 17 mg	74
FPNS Placebo		114	31	83	7	73		75

FPNS, fentanyl pectin nasal spray; IRMS, immediate release morphine sulfate; iv, intravenous; Mor, morphine; NA, not applicable; Nasal, fentanyl nasal spray; OTFC oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate; SLF, sublingual fentanyl (Abstral); SLF-E, sublingual fentanyl ethypharm (Recivit).