Formulations | Titration duration (median) | N Initial | Withdrawal titration phase | Randomised | Withdrawal study phase | Evaluable efficacy | Mean dose | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OTFC Nasal spray | ▸ 8 weeks ▸ 5 weeks | 196 | 57 | 139 | 53 | 86 | No data | 59 |
FPNS Nasal spray | ▸ 8 weeks ▸ 5 weeks | 62 | 62 | 12 | 50 | Pectin: 328 µg Nasal: 165 µg | 60 | |
SLF Placebo | 2 weeks | 131 | 53 | 66 | 6 | 60 | 600 µg | 61 |
SLF Placebo | 3 weeks | 42 | 5 | 37 | 5 | 32 | No data | 62 |
SLF IRMS oral | 7 days | 40 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 | 235 µg | 63 |
SLF-E Placebo | 2 weeks | 91 | 13 | 78 | 5 | 73 | 64 | |
OTFC IRMS oral | 5 days | 134 | 41 | 93 | 9 | 75 | 811 µg 31 mg | 65 |
OTFC Mor IV | None | 40 | NA | 40 | 15 | 25 | No data | 66 |
OTFC Placebo | 2 weeks | 130 | 37 | 92 | 20 | 72 | No data | 67 |
Buccal Placebo | No data | 123 | 46 | 77 | 9 | 77 | No data | 68 |
Buccal Placebo | 7 days | 125 | 38 | 87 | 12 | 75 | 69 | |
Buccal Placebo | 21 days | 103 | 26 | 73 | 2 | 73 | 70 | |
Buccal film Placebo | 7 days | 151 | 69 | 82 | 2 | 80 | 71 | |
Nasal spray Placebo | No data | 120 | 7 | 113 | 3 | 110 | 72 | |
FPNS IRMS oral | 14 days | 110 | 26 | 84 | 5 | 79 | 73 | |
FPNS IRMS oral | No data | 53 | 53 | 8 | 45 | Pectin: 182 µg Mor: 17 mg | 74 | |
FPNS Placebo | 114 | 31 | 83 | 7 | 73 | 75 |
FPNS, fentanyl pectin nasal spray; IRMS, immediate release morphine sulfate; iv, intravenous; Mor, morphine; NA, not applicable; Nasal, fentanyl nasal spray; OTFC oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate; SLF, sublingual fentanyl (Abstral); SLF-E, sublingual fentanyl ethypharm (Recivit).