Table 4
Summary of adherence intervention type and effects on outcomes. Based on detailed description of each study in online supplementary appendix 5
| Intervention type | Mortality | Morbidity | Healthcare utilisation | Healthcare costs | Patient satisfaction | QoL |
| Reminders | 4 RCTs | 5 RCTs | 2 RCTs | 2 RCTs | 2 RCTs | |
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| Simplified dosing | 2 RCTs | 2 RCTs | 2 RCTs | 3 RCTs | ||
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| Direct observed treatment (DOT) | 1 RCT | 1 RCT | ||||
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| Patient education | 2 RCTs | 3 RCTs | 7 RCTs | 1 RCT | 1 RCT | 8 RCTs |
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| Counselling | 1 RCT | 2 RCTs | 1 RCT | 1 RCT | 3 RCTs | |
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| Web-based programmes | 1 RCT | |||||
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| Prescribing pharmacists | 1 RCT | 1 RCT | 3 RCTs | |||
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| Physicians assess to adherence information | 2 RCTs | 2 RCTs | ||||
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| All RCTs positive result | 2 RCTs positive and 1 RCT negative result | RCTs 50/50 positive/negative result within or between | 3 RCTs positive and 5 RCTs negative result | 2 RCTs negative, 1 RCT positive, or 1 RCT negative and 1 RCT positive/negative result within | All RCTs negative result | |
QoL, quality of life; RCT, randomised controlled trial.