Table 1

Experimental conditions verifying stability of selected penicillins

Penicillins Authors	(Concentration)	Dose in 240 mL	Diluent	Conditions under which >90% stability is confirmed
Amoxicillin
Arlicot, N, et al 35	20 g/L	4.8 g	NS	48 hours at 20°C and 24 hours at 35°C
Arlicot, N, et al 35	40 g/L	9.6 g	NS	24 hours at 20°C and 24 hours at 35°C
Carlier, M, et al 36	10 g/L	2.4 g	NS	12 hours at 22°C
Muller, H and I Haker37	5 mg/mL	1.2 g	NS	24 hours at 25°C
Ampicillin
Maher, M, et al 14	12 g/L	2.88 g	NS	24 hours at 25°C
Maher, M, et al 14	12 g/L	2.88 g	NS	(NaPO₄ buffer): 48 hours at 25°C. SEQ 48 hours at 2–8°C then 24 hours at 25°C
Muller, H and I Haker37	5 mg/mL	1.2 g	NS	24 hours at 25°C
Zhang, Y and L Trissel38	1 g/100 mL	2.4 g	NS	24 hours at 23°C
Benzylpenicillin
Kang, M and J Kang39	30 mg/mL	7.2 g	NS	3 days at 25°C
Kang, M and J Kang39	30 mg/mL	7.2 g	SWFI	2 days at 25°C
McDougall, D A J and B C McWhinney15	30–60mg/mL	7.2–14.4 g	NS	Citrate buffer. SEQ 7 days at 4°C then 24 hours at 37°C
Muller, H and I Haker37	12 mg/mL	2.88 g	NS	12 hours at 25°C
Stiles, M L and L V Allen, Jr. 5	100 000–200 000 unit/ml	14.4–28.8g	SWFI	(Na and K salt) 3 days at 25°C
Stiles, M L, et al 21	180 000 units/ml	25.92 g	SWFI	SEQ 30 days at −20°C then 4 days at 5°C then 12 hours at 37°C
Vella-Brincat, J W, et al 2	9.6 g/120 mL	19.2 g	NS	12 hours at 26°C
Flucloxacillin
Carroll, J A17	12 g/240 mL	12 g	NS	SEQ 6 days at 2–8°C, then 24 hours at 31°C
Muller, H and I Haker37	10 mg/mL	2.4 g	NS	4 days at 25°C
The-Phung, To, et al 16	5%–12% w/v	12–28.8 g	NS, SWFI	(Phosphate buffer) SEQ 6 days at 4°C then 24 hours at 37°C
Voumard, R, et al 40	33 g/L	7.92 g	NS	12 hours at room temperature

NS, normal saline; SEQ, sequential; SWFI, sterile water for injection.