Characteristics of the included studies (n=6) for the systematic review
| Reference | Main author | Year of publication | Country | Site information | Study design | Participants | Study objectives | Data analysis | CPS involved | Quality rating |
| 23 | Chen | 2013 | Singapore | A 830 bed hospital that provides specialised paediatric and women’s healthcare services | Quantitative (survey) | Caregivers who accompanied epileptic patients on neurology follow-up visits | To evaluate the utility of tailored educational pharmacist counselling in improving knowledge and self-reported confidence in patient care by caregivers of children with epilepsy. | Descriptive statistics | Medication counselling | 4 (Moderate) |
| 24 | Flannery | 2014 | USA | A 180-bed tertiary care academic paediatric hospital | Quantitative (survey) | Physicians including paediatric fellows and advanced practice nurses | To assess prescribers attitudes about the Antibiotic Stewardship Programme, aimed to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of the service, with the ultimate goal of maximising its effect on future prescribing behaviours. | Descriptive statistics | Antibiotic Stewardship Programme | 4 (Moderate) |
| 25 | Grey | 2017 | UK | Nationwide | Mixed methods (focus groups, semistructured interviews and survey) | two pharmacy policy makers, three service commissioners, two pharmacy staff, five rheumatology professionals and three lay advocates | There were three phases of the study. The objective of the stakeholder interviews (phase 2) was to share ideas of practicing pharmacists about their current and future roles in the support of young people who take medication for chronic illness with stakeholders to devise a list of roles for prioritisation. | A ‘middle-ordered’ thematic approach | Pharmaceutical care | 4 (Moderate) |
| 26 | Moadebi | 2013 | Canada | Lions Gate Hospital, a 335-bed acute care community teaching hospital | Quantitative (survey) | All nurses working in the site’s Emergency Department | To measure the impact of the interprofessional collaboration and educational sessions conducted by the clinical pharmacist on ED nurses' level of comfort and satisfaction with intranasal fentanyl for children. | Descriptive statistics | Education sessions | 3 (Moderate) |
| 21 | Rishoej | 2018 | Denmark | Three largest tertiary NICUs | Qualitative (focus groups) | Physicians and nurses who practiced at NICUs | To explore current and potential future practices to prevent medication errors experienced by physicians and nurses. | Qualitative content analysis | Clinical pharmacy services | 5 (High) |
| 22 | Rosenfeld | 2018 | Australia | A major Australian paediatric teaching hospital | Qualitative (ethnographic study, focus groups and semistructured interviews) | Pharmacists, registered nurses and doctors from diverse clinical wards | To examine interdisciplinary medication decision making by pharmacists in paediatric hospital settings. | Thematic analysis according to the ‘framework’ approach | Ward service, medication decision making | 5 (High) |