Impacto económico de los eventos adversos en los hospitales españoles a partir del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos

Resumen

Objetivo

Evaluar la incidencia y los costes de los eventos adversos presentes en el Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (CMBD) en los hospitales españoles en el período 2008-2010.

Método

Estudio retrospectivo que estima el coste incremental por episodio, según la presencia de eventos adversos. El coste se obtiene de la Red Española de Costes Hospitalarios (RECH), creada a partir de los registros de costes por paciente basados en actividades y CMBD. Los eventos adversos se han identificado mediante Indicadores de Seguridad del Paciente (validados en el Sistema Sanitario español) de la Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, junto a indicadores del proyecto europeo EuroDRG.

Resultados

Se incluyen 245.320 episodios, con un coste de 1.308.791.871 €. Aproximadamente 17.000 episodios (6,8%) sufrieron un evento adverso, lo que representa un 16,2% del coste total. Los eventos adversos, ajustados por el Grupo Relacionado por el Diagnóstico, añaden un coste incremental medio que oscila entre 5.260 € y 11.905 €. Seis de los diez eventos adversos con mayor coste incremental son posteriores a intervenciones quirúrgicas. El coste incremental total de los eventos adversos es de 88.268.906€, un 6,7% adicional del total del gasto sanitario.

Conclusiones

Valorando su impacto, los eventos adversos representan relevantes costes que pueden revertirse en mejora de la calidad y la seguridad del sistema de salud.

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the incidence and costs of adverse events registered in an administrative dataset in Spanish hospitals from 2008 to 2010.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out that estimated the incremental cost per episode, depending on the presence of adverse events. Costs were obtained from the database of the Spanish Network of Hospital Costs. This database contains data from 12 hospitals that have costs per patient records based on activities and clinical records. Adverse events were identified through the Patient Safety Indicators (validated in the Spanish Health System) created by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality together with indicators of the EuroDRG European project.

Results

This study included 245,320 episodes with a total cost of 1,308,791,871€. Approximately 17,000 patients (6.8%) experienced an adverse event, representing 16.2% of the total cost. Adverse events, adjusted by diagnosis-related groups, added a mean incremental cost of between €5,260 and €11,905. Six of the 10 adverse events with the highest incremental cost were related to surgical interventions. The total incremental cost of adverse events was € 88,268,906, amounting to an additional 6.7% of total health expenditure.

Conclusions

Assessment of the impact of adverse events revealed that these episodes represent significant costs that could be reduced by improving the quality and safety of the Spanish Health System.