microbiological quality

Microbiological quality control of non-sterile compounded medicines prepared in a Portuguese hospital centre
R Palmeira-de-Oliveira, C Luís, C Gaspar, E Bogas, M Morgado, M Guardado, M Castelo Branco, M O Fonseca, A Palmeira-de-Oliveira

European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy Jul 2016, 23 (4) 228-232; DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000769

CLINICAL
- Anaesthesia (5)
- Anaesthesia
  - Other anaesthesia (16)
  - Pain (anaesthesia) (69)
- Cardiovascular medicine
- Cardiovascular medicine
  - Arrhythmias
    - Bradyarrhythmias and heart block
    - Tachyarrhythmias
  - Arrhythmias (26)
  - Cardiomyopathy
  - Cardiomyopathy (4)
  - Congenital heart disease (4)
  - Drugs: cardiovascular system (385)
  - Echocardiography (1)
  - Heart failure (2)
  - Hypertension (79)
  - Interventional cardiology (54)
  - Ischaemic heart disease
  - Ischaemic heart disease (32)
  - Pacing and electrophysiology (1)
  - Valvar diseases
  - Valvar diseases
  - Venous thromboembolism (52)
- Complementary medicine (25)
- Dentistry and oral medicine (37)
- Dermatology (139)
- Diagnostics
- Diagnostics
  - Clinical diagnostic tests (64)
  - Radiology (diagnostics) (20)
  - Surgical diagnostic tests (11)
- Drugs and medicines
  - Cardiovascular system
  - Contraindications and precautions
  - Drug interactions
  - Drug therapy related to surgery
  - Ear, nose and throat
  - Endocrine system
  - Eye
  - Gastrointestinal system
  - General guidance on prescribing
  - Haematology (drugs and medicines)
  - Immunological products and vaccines
  - Infections
  - Malignant disease and immunosuppression
  - Musculoskeletal and joint disorders
  - Neurology (drugs and medicines)
  - Nutrition
  - Obstetrics, gynaecology and fertility
  - Paediatrics (drugs and medicines)
  - Psychiatry (drugs and medicines)
  - Renal system
  - Respiratory system
  - Skin
  - Urinary and genital tract disorders
- Ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology (18)
- Emergency medicine
  - Disaster response
  - Poisoning (111)
  - Resuscitation (10)
  - Trauma (44)
- Emergency medicine
- Endocrinology
- Endocrinology
  - Adrenal disorders (3)
  - Calcium and bone (60)
  - Diabetes (54)
  - Drugs: endocrine system (187)
  - Lipid disorders (3)
  - Metabolic disorders (130)
  - Pituitary disorders (8)
  - Thyroid disease (3)
- Evidence based practice
  - Changing physician behavior
  - Guidelines (79)
- Evidence based practice
- Gastroenterology
- Gastroenterology
  - Drugs: gastrointestinal system (297)
  - Endoscopy (2)
  - GI bleeding
    - Angiodysplasia
    - Ulcer
  - GI bleeding (13)
  - Infection
    - Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli
    - Clostridium difficile
    - Gastroenteritis
    - Giardiasis
    - Helicobacter pylori
    - Parastic worms
  - Infection (gastroenterology) (1)
  - Inflammatory bowel disease
    - Crohn's disease
    - Ulcerative colitis
  - Inflammatory bowel disease (14)
  - Liver disease
    - Alcoholic liver disease
    - Cirrhosis
    - Hepatitis B
    - Hepatitis C
    - Hepatitis other
    - Nonalcoholic steatosis
  - Liver disease (127)
  - Neurogastroenterology (60)
  - Neurogastroenterology
    - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
    - Constipation
    - Diarrhoea
    - Dyspepsia
    - Gastric emptying disorders
    - Irritable bowel syndrome
    - Oesophageal dysmotility
  - Oesophagus
    - Gastro-oesophageal reflux
  - Oesophagus (18)
  - Pancreas and biliary tract (40)
  - Pancreatitis (8)
  - Portal hypertension (1)
  - Small intestine
    - Coeliac disease
    - Gastrointestinal hormones
    - Malabsorption
  - Small intestine (6)
  - Stomach and duodenum (16)
- General practice / family medicine (131)
- Genetics
  - Clinical genetics (4)
  - Cytogenetics (1)
  - Genetic screening / counselling (8)
  - Molecular genetics (33)
- Genetics
- Geriatric medicine
- Geriatric medicine
  - Elder abuse
  - End of life decisions (geriatric medicine) (5)
  - Long term care (15)
  - Psychogeriatrics (6)
- Haematology (incl blood transfusion) (40)
- Immunology (including allergy) (657)
- Infectious diseases
  - Bone and joint infections
  - Drugs: infectious diseases
  - Emerging infectious diseases
    - Bird flu
  - Foodborne infections
  - Hepatitis and other GI infections
  - HIV/AIDS
  - Influenza
  - Meningitis
  - Nosocomial infections
  - Otitis
  - Pneumonia (infectious disease)
  - TB and other respiratory infections
  - Travel medicine
  - Tropical medicine (infectious diseases)
  - Urinary tract infections
  - Vaccination / immunisation
- Infectious diseases (451)
- Intensive care
  - Adult intensive care (61)
  - Mechanical ventilation (7)
  - Neonatal intensive care (11)
  - Paediatric intensive care (2)
- Intensive care
- Neurology
- Neurology
  - Brain stem / cerebellum (5)
  - Cerebral palsy (1)
  - Coma and raised intracranial pressure (6)
  - Cranial nerves (5)
  - Dementia (18)
  - Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric) (457)
  - Epilepsy and seizures (24)
  - Headache (including migraine) (27)
  - Hydrocephalus
  - Infection (neurology) (18)
  - Motor neurone disease (2)
  - Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons) (2)
  - Multiple sclerosis (46)
  - Muscle disease (8)
  - Neuroimaging (2)
  - Neurological injury (5)
  - Neuromuscular disease (31)
  - Neurooncology (15)
  - Pain (neurology) (212)
  - Parkinson's disease (3)
  - Peripheral nerve disease (11)
  - Sleep disorders (neurology) (17)
  - Spinal cord (10)
  - Stroke (142)
  - Trauma CNS / PNS (5)
  - Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease
- Nursing
  - Case management
  - Chronic disease / disability nursing
  - Community nursing / community based care
  - Family nursing
  - Home care nursing
  - Medical-surgical nursing - acute
  - Perioperative care
  - School nursing
  - Tobacco control counselling
- Nursing (17)
- Nutrition and metabolism
- Nutrition and metabolism
  - Childhood nutrition (54)
  - Diet (47)
  - Malnutrition (13)
  - Obesity (nutrition) (18)
  - Vitamins and supplements (4)
- Obstetrics and gynaecology
  - Abortion
  - Cervical cancer (3)
  - Cervical screening (1)
  - Contraception (9)
  - Domestic violence
  - Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology (7)
  - Family planning (3)
  - Incontinence (4)
  - Menopause (including HRT) (2)
  - Pregnancy (38)
  - Reproductive medicine (80)
- Obstetrics and gynaecology
- Oncology
  - Breast cancer (49)
  - Chemotherapy (373)
  - CNS cancer (13)
  - Colon cancer (37)
  - Endocrine cancer (5)
  - Gastric cancer (3)
  - Gene therapy
  - Gynecological cancer (10)
  - Head and neck cancer (11)
  - Hepatic cancer (10)
  - Intestinal cancer
  - Lung cancer (oncology) (37)
  - Oesophageal cancer (1)
  - Paediatric oncology (41)
  - Pancreatic cancer (12)
  - Prevention
  - Prostate cancer (24)
  - Radiotherapy (16)
  - Respiratory cancer (1)
  - Screening (oncology) (44)
  - Skin cancer (16)
  - Urological cancer (40)
- Oncology (1)
- Ophthalmology (59)
- Ophthalmology
  - Angle
  - Anterior chamber
  - Choroid
  - Ciliary body
  - Conjunctiva
  - Cornea
  - Eye (globe)
  - Eye Diseases
  - Eye Lids
  - Glaucoma
  - Hereditary eye disease
  - Intraocular pressure
  - Iris
  - Lacrimal drainage
  - Lacrimal gland
  - Lens and zonules
  - Macula
  - Muscles
  - Ocular surface
  - Ophthalmologic surgical procedures
  - Optic nerve
  - Optics and refraction
  - Orbit
  - Pupil
  - Retina
  - Sclera and apisclera
  - Tears
  - Vision
  - Visual development
  - Vitreous
- Orthopaedics
- Paediatrics
- Paediatrics
  - Adolescent health (6)
  - Bilirubin disorders (1)
  - Child abuse (2)
  - Child and adolescent psychiatry (paedatrics) (21)
  - Child health (146)
  - Childhood nutrition (paediatrics) (48)
  - Congenital disorders
  - Developmental paediatrics (1)
  - Failure to thrive
  - Infant health (37)
  - Infant nutrition (including breastfeeding) (26)
  - Neonatal and paediatric intensive care (14)
  - Neonatal health (34)
  - SIDS
- Palliative care
- Palliative care
  - End of life decisions (palliative care) (5)
  - Hospice (65)
  - Pain (palliative care) (92)
- Pathology
  - Chemical pathology
  - Cytopathology
  - Histopathology
  - Inflammation (23)
  - Microbiology
  - Microscopy
  - Molecular biology (2)
  - Morbid anatomy / surgical pathology
  - Neuropathology
  - Virology
- Pathology
- Pharmacology and therapeutics
  - Clinical trials (pharmacology)
  - Dosage and administration
  - Drug interactions
  - Drug misuse (including addiction) (34)
  - Efficacy
  - Formulation
  - Licensing / marketing authorisation
  - Medicines regulation (184)
  - Pharmacodynamics
  - Pharmacokinetics
  - Safety
  - Therapeutic indications
  - Toxicology
  - Unwanted effects / adverse reactions (412)
  - Warnings, precautions and contraindications
- Prison medicine (15)
- Psychiatry
  - Adjustment disorders
  - Alcohol-related disorders
    - Alcohol dependence
    - Alcohol intoxication
    - Alcohol withdrawal delirium
    - Alcohol-induced amnestic disorder (Korsak's syndrome)
  - Alcohol-related disorders (4)
  - Anxiety disorders (including OCD and PTSD)
    - Agoraphobia
    - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
    - Other phobias
    - Panic disorder
    - Post-traumatic stress disorder
    - Social phobia
  - Anxiety disorders (including OCD and PTSD) (3)
  - Child and adolescent psychiatry
    - Asperger syndrome
    - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    - Autism
    - Conduct disorder
  - Child and adolescent psychiatry (21)
  - Delirium (6)
  - Drugs misuse (including addiction) (19)
  - Drugs misuse (including addiction)
    - Substance dependence
    - Substance intoxication delirium
    - Substance withdrawal
    - Substance-induced psychotic disorder
  - Drugs: psychiatry (61)
  - Eating disorders (7)
  - Eating disorders
    - Anorexia nervosa
    - Bulimia nervosa
  - Impulse control disorders
    - Pathological gambling
    - Trichotillomania
  - Impulse control disorders
  - Memory disorders
    - Dementia due to medical condition
    - Dementia, Alzheimer's type
    - Dementia, Pick's disease
    - Dementia, vascular
  - Memory disorders (psychiatry) (28)
  - Mood disorders (including depression)
    - Bipolar disorder
    - Depressive disorder
  - Mood disorders (including depression) (14)
  - Personality disorders (1)
  - Personality disorders
    - Antisocial personality disorder
    - Avoidant personality disorder
    - Borderline personality disorder
    - Dependent personality disorder
    - Histrionic personality disorder
    - Schizoid personality disorder
    - Schizotypal personality disorder
  - Psychiatry of old age (6)
  - Psychotherapy
    - Cagnitive behavioural psychotherapy
    - Dynamic psychotherapy
    - Other psychotherapies
  - Psychotherapy
  - Psychotic disorders (incl schizophrenia)
    - Delusional disorder
    - Schizophrenia spectrum
  - Psychotic disorders (incl schizophrenia) (27)
  - Sexual and gender disorders (1)
  - Sexual and gender disorders
    - Gender identity disorder
    - Paedophilia
    - Paraphilia
  - Sleep disorders
    - Primary hypersomnia
    - Primary insomnia
  - Sleep disorders (17)
  - Somatoform disorders
  - Somatoform disorders
    - Conversion disorder
    - Dissociative disorder
    - Factitious disorder
    - Hypochondriasis
  - Suicide (psychiatry) (8)
- Psychiatry
- Radiology (62)
- Rehabilitation medicine
- Rehabilitation medicine
  - Continuing medical education
  - Disability (3)
  - Other rehabilitative therapies (2)
  - Physiotherapy (12)
- Renal medicine
- Renal medicine
  - Acute renal failure (8)
  - Chronic renal failure (7)
  - Dialysis (7)
  - Fluid electrolyte and acid-base disturbances (60)
  - Nephrotic syndrome (6)
  - Proteinurea (4)
  - Renal transplantation (24)
- Respiratory medicine
  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome
  - Airway biology (12)
  - Asthma (25)
  - Bronchiolitis (5)
  - Bronchitis (8)
  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung
  - Cystic fibrosis (13)
  - Drugs: respiratory system (16)
  - Fungal lung diseases
  - Hemoptysis
  - Interstitial lung disease (8)
  - Lung abscess
  - Lung cancer (respiratory medicine) (37)
  - Lung function (6)
  - Lung haemorrhage
  - Lung infection
  - Lung neoplasms
  - Mechanical ventilation (7)
  - Meconium aspiration
  - Parasitic lung disease
  - Pneumonia (respiratory medicine) (31)
  - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
  - Pulmonary embolism (9)
  - Pulmonary emphysema (1)
  - Pulmonary endometriosis
  - Pulmonary eosinophilia
  - Pulmonary hypertension (8)
  - Pulmonary oedema
  - Pulmonary plasma cell granuloma
  - Pulmonary veno-occulsive disease
  - Sleep disorders (respiratory medicine) (17)
  - Tobacco related disease
  - Tuberculosis (1)
- Respiratory medicine
- Rheumatology
- Rheumatology
  - Ankylosing spondylitis (17)
  - Biological agents (46)
  - Connective tissue disease (69)
  - Degenerative joint disease (63)
  - Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases (307)
  - Fibromyalgia (1)
  - Musculoskeletal syndromes (107)
  - Osteoarthritis (2)
  - Osteoporosis (15)
  - Rheumatoid arthritis (50)
  - Sjogren's syndrome
  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (12)
  - Vascularitis (14)
- Sexual health (165)
- Sexual health
  - Candidiasis
  - Condoms
  - Genital ulcers
  - Hepatitis (sexual health)
  - HIV / AIDS
  - Pelvic inflammatory disease
  - Prostatitis
  - Sex workers
  - Sexual and gender disorders
  - Sexual dysfunction
  - Sexual transmitted infections (bacterial)
  - Sexual transmitted infections (bacterial)
  - Sexual transmitted infections (viral)
  - Sexual transmitted infections (viral)
  - Urethritis
  - Vulvovaginal disorders
- Sports and exercise medicine
  - Conditions
  - Orthopaedic manipulation
  - Physical injuries
  - Physiotherapy
  - Procedures
  - Sports
    - Basketball
    - Boxing
    - Cycling
    - Football (soccer)
    - Golf
    - Gymnastics
    - Ice hockey
    - Kayaking
    - Martial arts
    - Rugby
    - Running
    - Snow sports
    - Squash
    - Triathalons
    - Volleyball
    - Weight training
- Sports and exercise medicine (13)
- Surgery
  - Breast surgery (1)
  - Cardiothoracic surgery (25)
  - Gastrointestinal surgery (29)
  - General surgery (14)
  - Neurosurgery (5)
  - Oral and maxillofacial surgery
  - Orthopaedic and trauma surgery (14)
  - Otolaryngology / ENT (2)
  - Plastic and reconstructive surgery (2)
  - Surgical oncology (46)
  - Transplantation (78)
  - Urological surgery (201)
  - Vascular surgery (15)
- Surgery
- Urology (160)
- Urology
  - Circumcision
  - Hematuria
  - Prostate
  - Urinary tract infections
NON-CLINICAL
- Communication (1)
- Epidemiology
  - Clinical trials (epidemiology) (45)
  - Epidemiologic studies
  - Epidemiologic studies (262)
  - Population trends
  - Screening (epidemiology) (73)
  - Survey techniques
  - Therapeutic trials
  - Time-to-event methods
- Epidemiology
- Ethics
- Ethics
  - Artificial and donated transplantation (81)
  - Assisted dying (1)
  - Bioethics
  - Clinical ethics
  - Codes of professional ethics
  - Competing interests (ethics) (1732)
  - Confidentiality (9)
  - Drug issues
  - End of life decisions (ethics) (5)
  - Ethics of abortion (1)
  - Ethics of reproduction (1)
  - Experiments in vivo
  - Informed consent (27)
  - Research and publication ethics (37)
- Ethnic studies
- Health economics (108)
- Health informatics
  - Information management (162)
  - Internet (94)
  - IT (130)
  - Telemedicine (3)
- Health informatics
- Health policy (143)
- Health service research (115)
- Journalology (91)
- Legal and forensic medicine (38)
- Medical careers
- Medical careers
  - Continuous professional development (2)
  - Getting and changing jobs (including job descriptions and contracts)
  - Professional conduct and regulation
- Medical education
  - History taking and the physical examination
  - Postgraduate (6)
  - Undergraduate (7)
- Medical education
- Medical humanities
  - Culture, health and illness
  - Education, medical
  - History of medicine
  - Medical anthropology
  - Music and medicine
  - Philosophy of medicine
  - Politics and medicine
  - Psychology and medicine
  - Quality of life
  - Religion and spirituality
  - Sex and sexuality
  - Theory of medical knowledge
  - Value enquiry
- Medical humanities (13)
- Medical management
- Medical management
  - Doctors' morale and well being
  - Medical error/ patient safety (241)
  - Quality improvement (32)
- Occupational and environmental medicine
  - Disease and health outcomes
  - Disease and health outcomes
  - Exposures
  - Workers and industries at risk
  - Workers and industries at risk
- Occupational and environmental medicine (87)
- Patients (448)
- Public health (1)
- Public health
  - Abuse (child, partner, elder)
  - Air pollution
  - Alcohol
  - Drug misuse
  - Environmental issues (12)
  - Health education (72)
  - Health of indigenous peoples
  - Health promotion (103)
  - Homicide (1)
  - Housing and health
  - Human rights (4)
  - Injury (43)
  - Injury diagnoses
    - Burns (diagnoses)
    - Fractures
    - Head injury
    - Spinal cord injury
  - Injury location
    - Workplace injury
  - Injury mechanisms
    - Burns
    - Drowning
    - Pedestrian injury
    - Poisoning/Injestion
    - Recreation/Sports injury
    - Suicide/Self harm (injury)
    - Violence
  - Obesity (public health) (18)
  - Screening (public health) (73)
  - Sexual health (public health)
  - Smoking (32)
  - Social conditions and disease
  - Suicide (public health) (8)
  - Urban health
  - Vaccination programs
  - Violence (other)
  - Violence against women
- Smoking and tobacco
  - Economics of tobacco use and control
  - Health effects of tobacco use
  - Smoking cessation
  - Tobacco use
  - Tobacco use (youth)
- Smoking and tobacco (32)
- Sociology (2)
- Statistics and research methods
  - Comparative effectiveness research
  - Qualitative research
  - Quantitative research
- Statistics and research methods
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microbiological quality